Let’s talk about supplementation and how it can support you as an athlete. First, what exactly is supplementation? Simply put, it’s the practice of adding more nutrients to your diet to help meet your body’s demands. Ideally, about 90% of your nutrients should come from whole foods. However, with the intensity of training, busy work schedules, and family commitments, it’s not always easy to get enough of what we need—especially protein.
Why Protein?
When you work out, your muscles experience microscopic tears (microtears) which trigger a repair process, leading to muscle growth also known as hypertrophy. What happens is when the muscle repairs itself by increasing the size and number of muscle fibers within the muscle, making them stronger and more capable of handling future stress.
During this process increased blood flows to the muscle to deliver nutrients for repair and adaptation. This is where Protein comes to play.
Protein is the building block of muscle. During digestion, protein is broken down into amino acids, which are essential for muscle repair and growth. There are 20 amino acids in total, and while the body naturally produces 11 of them, the remaining nine—known as essential amino acids—must come from our diet. These essential amino acids are found in high-quality protein sources like meat, eggs, and dairy.
According to a Harvard and the Mayo Clinic research, athletes should aim to consume .7 to 1.2 grams of protein per pound of lean body mass per day. This varies based on activity, but as a consistent CrossFit Athlete you should be aiming in around this area. But question comes up what does that look like in real terms?
For example, if you weigh 200 lbs. with 20% body fat, your lean body mass is 160 lbs. That means you’d need 112-192 grams of protein per day. To get that from whole food alone, you’d need to eat nearly 1.5-2 lbs. of meat daily (assuming I was just eating chicken alone) and that’s hard to do and quite stressful!
Where Supplementation Helps
This is where protein supplementation becomes useful. High-quality protein powders typically provide 25-30 grams of protein per serving. Because these proteins are in liquid form, they are more easily absorbed—up to **90% or more**—making them a convenient and efficient way to meet your daily protein needs. This also enters the bloodstream faster and delivers the nutrients needed to aid in repair and recovery.
Types of Protein Supplements: Whey vs. Casein Protein
There are many types of protein supplements, but two of the most effective are whey and casein:
- Whey Protein: Fast-digesting, making it ideal for post-workout recovery. Your body absorbs whey quickly, helping to kickstart muscle repair and growth.
- Casein Protein:
Slow-digesting, providing a steady release of amino acids over several hours. This makes it great for nighttime recovery, ensuring your muscles are fueled while you sleep.
Both whey and casein are byproducts of cheese-making process (hence the nursery rhyme: *Little Miss Muffet sat on her tuffet, eating her curds and whey*—or maybe she was just trying to hit her protein goals!).
When Should an Athlete Consume Whey vs. Casein Protein?
Both whey and casein serve distinct purposes in an athlete’s nutrition plan. Knowing when to use each can help maximize muscle growth, recovery, and overall performance. Here’s how to strategically incorporate them into your routine:
When to Take Whey Protein (Fast-Digesting)
Whey protein is quickly absorbed, making it ideal for times when your body needs rapid protein delivery.
- Post-Workout Recovery (Best Time to Take Whey): After a tough training session, your muscles are in a catabolic state (breaking down muscle tissue for energy). Consuming 25-30g of whey protein within 30-60 minutes post-workout helps jumpstart muscle protein synthesis, repairing muscle fibers and promoting growth. Pairing whey with fast-digesting carbs (like a banana or honey) can further enhance muscle recovery by replenishing glycogen stores.
- Pre-Workout (Optional, If You Haven’t Eaten in Hours): If you train first thing in the morning or haven’t eaten in a while, a small whey protein shake (15-20g) 30-60 minutes before your workout can provide amino acids for muscle preservation and fuel. This is especially useful for fasted workouts to prevent muscle breakdown.
- Mid-Day Snack or Meal Replacement: If you’re on-the-go and don’t have time for a full meal, a whey protein shake with some added healthy fats (like peanut butter) and fiber (like chia seeds) can keep you satisfied without slowing digestion.
When to Take Casein Protein (Slow-Digesting)
Casein is absorbed much more slowly than whey, making it ideal for periods when your body will go several hours without food.
- Before Bed (Best Time for Casein):Your body goes through an overnight fasting period, and without protein intake, muscle breakdown can occur. Casein digests over 6-8 hours, providing a steady stream of amino acids while you sleep. A casein protein shake or cottage cheese before bed can improve overnight muscle recovery and growth.
- Long Periods Without Eating (Work, Travel, Meetings, etc.):
If you know you’ll be without food for several hours, a casein shake or high-casein food (like Greek yogurt or cheese) can help keep you full and prevent muscle breakdown. Great for long flights, back-to-back meetings, or endurance athletes training for long hours.
- Mid-Day Snack for Sustained Satiety: Casein is also a great option as a mid-day snack to help curb hunger between meals. Since it digests slowly, it helps regulate blood sugar levels and keeps energy levels steady.
Can You Take Both Whey and Casein?
Absolutely! Many athletes combine whey and casein for optimal results.
✅ Example Routine:
- Morning Pre-Workout:
Whey protein shake (if fasted)
- Post-Workout:
Whey protein + fast-digesting carbs
- Mid-Day (If Needed): Casein-based snack (Greek yogurt, cottage cheese)
- Before Bed:
Casein shake or meal for overnight muscle repair
In Summary
While whole food sources should always be the foundation of your nutrition, protein supplementation can help fill the gaps when needed. If you struggle to hit your daily protein intake, adding a high-quality whey or casein supplement can be a game-changer in optimizing muscle recovery, performance, and overall health. If you have any questions or need support let us know and we’d be happy to help provide recommendations that meets (or meats, pun intended) your needs.